Source of the research subject: The research subject was a key project of the National Natural Science Foundation.

　　Study period: From 2000 to 2007.

　　Award: The research subject won a First Award of Scientific and Technological Progress of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 2007.

　　Main accomplishing researchers: 1 Chen Yaning, 3 Li Weihong, 4 Chen Yapeng, 5 Hao Xingming, 6 Huang Xiang, 7 Xu Hailiang, 10 Fu Anhong

　　Brief introduction of the research subject

　　The research subject was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, National “973” Program of China, Knowledge Innovation Project and Field Forefront Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences, etc. In this research subject, the ecological hydrological issues in the Tarim River Basin were focused to research the ecological hydrological process, mechanisms of climate-hydrological process and hydrologic cycle, relationship between groundwater level and vegetation growth, hydrological process of surface water and groundwater under the conditions of ecological water conveyance, health and sustainable management of ecosystems, etc. in the drainage basin based on considering the scientific and technological needs in the national strategy of Development of the West Regions and the ecological regeneration in the Tarim River Basin, Xinjiang. A lot of first-hand data of field measurement and scientific experiment were obtained, a series of research achievements about the ecological hydrological issues in the arid continental drainage basins were carried out, some important scientific progresses were achieved, many difficult problems were resolved, and a series of high-level papers were published in some important domestic and foreign academic journals. The research achievements are of important academic significance and application value.